Version 1.0, August 31, 2001, Copyright, Hugh Jack 1993-2001
· In a real system there is a distance between an actuator, and a sensor. This physical distance results to a lag between when we actuate something, and when the sensor sees a result.
· Assume we have a simple process where after a change in x there is a delay of `m' time steps before the proportional change occurs in y. We can write the equation as,
